How is central giant cell granuloma diagnosed?

Diagnosis. Radiographically, CGCGs have a rounded cyst-like radiolucent area with a well-defined margin with 53% showing scalloped margins. They can have a multilocular (honeycomb or soap bubble) appearance. Histologically similar to brown tumour found in hyperparathyroidism.

What is a common feature of the central giant cell granuloma?

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is described by the World Health Organization as an intraosseous lesion consisting of cellular fibrous tissue that contains multiple foci of hemorrhage, aggregations of multinucleated giant cells, and some trabeculae of woven bone [1].

How do you treat central giant cell granulomas?

Treatment options advocated vary from case to case depending on the clinical characteristics and behavior and range from surgical excision or resection with continuity defect, cryotherapy, to enucleation and aggressive local curettage with or without chemical cauterization.

How is peripheral giant cell granuloma diagnosed?

Generally, this lesion is clinically indistinguishable from a pyogenic granuloma. Although a peripheral giant cell granuloma is more likely to cause bone resorption than is a pyogenic granuloma, the differences are otherwise minimal. A biopsy provides definitive diagnostic results.

How common is central giant cell granuloma?

Giant cell granuloma (GCG) is an uncommon, benign, proliferative, intraosseous lesion representing < 7% of all benign jaw lesions. The etiology is unknown, but is thought to be a reactive process, possibly secondary to trauma or inflammation; however, some believe it is a benign neoplasm.

Are giant cell tumor benign or malignant?

Giant Cell tumors (GCT) are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. Although rarely lethal, benign bone tumors may be associated with a substantial disturbance of the local bony architecture that can be particularly troublesome in peri-articular locations.

What causes central giant cell granuloma?

Central giant cell granuloma is a fairly common lesion in the jaws aetiology of which is still completely unknown but thought to be of a reactive process to some unknown stimuli. It usually arises either peripherally in periodontal ligament, mucoperiosteum, or centrally in the bone.

Is giant cell granuloma malignant?

Giant cell granuloma is a benign reactive osseous proliferation that shares many features with aneurysmal bone cyst; in many regards, these lesions are indistinguishable.

How can you tell the difference between a central and peripheral giant cell granuloma?

Giant cell lesions (GCG) are a group of varied lesions that contain a multitude of multinucleated, osteoclast like giant cells within connective tissue stroma. These include giant cell granulomas which may be central (CGCG), if they lie within the jaw bone, or, peripheral (PGCG) if they lie within the soft tissue.

What is the difference between peripheral giant cell granuloma and central giant cell granuloma?

Lesions confined predominantly to intraosseous sites (e.g., jaw) are referred to as central giant cell granulomas, and those involving primarily soft tissues (e.g., sinonasal, oral) are termed peripheral giant cell granulomas.

Is giant cell tumor curable?

The goal for treatment of a giant cell tumor is to remove the tumor and prevent damage to the affected bone. Tumors that can’t be removed surgically can often be controlled and sometimes destroyed with radiation therapy. Giant cell tumors can come back.

Do giant cell tumors spread?

They occur slightly more often in females. While giant cell tumors are typically benign (noncancerous), they can grow quickly and destroy bone close to a joint. In rare cases, a giant cell tumor may spread, or metastasize, to the lungs.

What causes giant cell granuloma?

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a benign hyperplastic lesion caused by local trauma or chronic trauma. It originates from the periodontal ligament or mucoperiosteum.

What is the difference between pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma?

The pyogenic granuloma can occur anywhere in the oral cavity, whereas the peripheral ossifying fibroma and peripheral giant cell granuloma only occur on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. The clinical appearance, treatment, and prognosis are the same for all 3 entities.

Is central giant cell granuloma a neoplasm?

The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) was once thought to represent reactive lesion, however the unpredictable and sometimes occasionally aggressive behavior and because of its possible relationship to tumors of long bone and some syndromes, it is best classified as benign neoplasm.

What is the best treatment for giant cell tumor?

Surgical Treatment

Surgery has proven to be the most effective treatment for giant cell tumors. Surgical treatment may include: Curettage. Curettage is the surgical procedure most commonly used to treat giant cell tumors.

Is giant cell tumor fatal?

Is GCT cancerous?

Most GCTs occur at the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs, near a joint (such as the knee, wrist, hip, or shoulder). Most are benign (not cancer) but some are malignant (cancer). GCTs usually occur in young and middle-aged adults. Also called giant cell tumor.

Can giant cell tumor be cured?

Can a giant cell tumor be cancerous?

Most giant cell tumors occur at the ends of the long bones of the arms and legs, near a joint (such as the knee, wrist, hip, or shoulder). Most are benign (not cancer) but some are malignant (cancer).

What causes giant cells?

Giant cells are formed by fusion of various cells such as macrophage, epithelioid cells, monocytes, etc., These are multi-nucleated,[1] large in size, and most of the times present at the site of chronic inflammation and other granulomatous conditions.

What is the differential diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma?

Differential diagnosis can include squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposis sarcoma, AIDS-related complex, metastatic carcinoma and benign lesion like bacillary angiomatosis, epulis, telangiectasia, fibroma of mucosa, and pyogenic granuloma.

How is a giant cell tumor removed?

What percentage of giant cell tumor is malignant?

The most recent data from the 4 large GCTB patient series showed that the frequency of malignancy was 1.1% to 11.3% (Table 1).

How is giant cell tumor diagnosed?

Diagnostic tests, including radiology scans, help diagnose a giant cell tumor. Your healthcare provider may use: Imaging tests, such as an X-ray, CT scan or MRI, look at your bone or cartilage. Bone scans use a safe radioactive dye and imaging scans to look for a bone GCT.